• Heterocysts provide the required microoxic environment for t

  2021-12-07

  

  Heterocysts provide the required microoxic environment for the oxygen-sensitive N2-fixing nitrogenase enzyme complex. This environment is formed during heterocyst development. Developing heterocysts inactivate photosystem II and degrade antenna pigments, thereby decreasing oxygenic photosynthesis (F

• Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may

  2021-12-07

  

  Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may be glucose intolerant. However, certain species, such as the North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi; note that the species used in this study was previously referred to as Squalus acanthias but a study by Ebert et al. (2010) provided

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucagon

  2021-12-07

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Glucagon, a 29-amino Senexin A synthesis peptide, is released from the pancreatic islets, intestine and stomach. Glucagon is released under hypoglycemic conditions and then elevates blood glucose levels, serving as a major counter hormone [1]. The regulation of g

• Target regulated the formation of

  2021-12-06

  

  Target-regulated the formation of G-quadruplex was used here to “kill two vadadustat with one stone” for the detection of melamine and I− with one probe DNA. G-quadruplexes are higher-order structures formed from G-rich oligonucleotides through the stacking of planar G-tetrads [43,44]. They have bee

• In terms of cytotoxicity studies

  2021-12-06

  

  In terms of cytotoxicity studies under two-dimensional cell culture conditions, only two of the above-mentioned publications with liposomal formulations of tyrosine kinase inhibitors reported viability data as compared to respective free drugs. On the one hand, liposomal gefitinib exerted strongly r

• br FAAH regulation of ECB signaling ECBs are fatty acid

  2021-12-06

  

  FAAH regulation of ECB signaling ECBs are fatty nucleoside transporters amides and monoacylglyerols functioning as neuromodulator lipids that exhibit rapid (within seconds) on-demand biosynthesis in response to neuronal activation, and are subsequently degraded by specialized catabolic enzymes.

• br Methods br Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric

  2021-12-06

  

  Methods Acknowledgements We are grateful to Eric Olson for providing Yap/Taz floxed mice, and to members of the Epstein lab for helpful comments and advice. This work was supported by NIH R01 HL118768, R35 HL140018, the Cotswold Foundation and the WW Smith Endowed Chair to J.A.E. The Hippo

• br Disp Mediated Hh Membrane Recycling Due to its cholestero

  2021-12-06

  

  Disp-Mediated Hh Membrane Recycling Due to its cholesterol modification, Drosophila Hh enriches on sphingolipid-rich apical membranes of polarized epithelial glycogen synthase kinase 33., 38., 39.. Genetic studies examining Hh release from wing imaginal disc epithelia suggest that Hh must be end

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments Anthony Koleske is thanke

  2021-12-06

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments Anthony Koleske is thanked for helpful discussions and for providing p190RhoGAP-A cDNA. Anatoly Kiyatkin and Mark Lemmon are thanked for use of the BioTek Synergy 2 plate reader for the MANT assays. Leena Kuruvilla is thanked for assistance with the thermal shift a

• Our results show furthermore that

  2021-12-06

  

  Our results show furthermore, that higher concentrations of butyric SBE 13 HCl mg additionally affect GSTP1 mRNA stability leading to a strongly reduced half-life. Concentration-dependent effects of butyric acid on RNA stability and cell signaling pathways involved in the regulation of GSTP1 expres

• Glutathione transferases EC also referred to as glutathione

  2021-12-06

  

  Glutathione transferases (EC 2.5.1.18; also referred to as glutathione S-transferases, GSTs) are ubiquitous and promiscuous enzymes that catalyze various kinds of reactions involving a wide variety of substrates that are toxic and chemically reactive (Angelucci et al., 2005). The primary function of

• In order for cytokines to exert

  2021-12-06

  

  In order for cytokines to exert any effect on the NSC population, they must first bind to specific receptors on the cell surface. Numerous pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are able to exert effects on the NSC population, including IL-1β through IL-1R1 and IL-1R2, TNFα through TNFR1 and TNFR2, IL

• Introduction GPR is a class A type of G Protein

  2021-12-06

  

  Introduction GPR119 is a class A type of G Protein coupled receptor, which is expressed primarily in pancreatic β-cells and the K and L 69 7 of the gastrointestinal tract [1], [2], [3]. Activation of GPR119 promotes secretion of incretins such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in the intestinal t

• Several studies have shown that the

  2021-12-06

  

  Several studies have shown that the levels of reactive dicarbonyls are higher in patients with diabetes as a result of hyperglycemia.49, 50, 51 Consequently, reactive dicarbonyl-derived AGEs are elevated in plasma and accumulate in tissues prone to secondary complications, including the lens, retina

• The two competitive bivalent GlxI

  2021-12-06

  

  The two competitive bivalent GlxI inhibitors polyBHG2-62 (=1nM) and polyBHG2-54 (=0.3nM) () were designed based on the transition-state analog -(-bromophenyl--hydroxycarbamoyl) glutathione (BHG) by an examination of the X-ray crystal structure of human GlxI in complex with one CHG at each active sit

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